Gyne Blog
HPV and Its Prevention
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a small virus that is mainly transmitted through contact of the anogenital tissues of both men and women during sexual intercourse, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
It has a predilection for the superficial skin and mucosa of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, perianal, and intra-anal regions, with an increasing occurrence of oral mucosal involvement. It belongs to the family Papovaviridae.
There are more than 100 viral types of HPV identified and classified according to their DNA sequences.
They are divided into two major groups:
Low oncogenic risk, more frequently associated with the production of external genital warts and low-grade intraepithelial lesions.
High oncogenic risk, associated with the development of precancerous or cancerous lesions.
Proper condom use throughout sexual intercourse can reduce the risk of HPV infection. It is also important to note that HPV is very common, and most sexually active people have been exposed to it at some point in their lives. Often, the virus may not manifest, and these individuals can be carriers of HPV.
Prevention:
Vaccination against HPV is indicated and included in the official schedule for individuals starting from 11 years of age (can be used from 9 years of age), with a 2-dose schedule for those under 15 years (0-6 months).
From 15 years onwards, a 3-dose schedule should be used (0-2-6 months) with catch-up vaccination until 18 years of age.
The available vaccines in Argentina are the quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines. There is no gender distinction in vaccine recommendations.
Those who have initiated the vaccination schedule but have not completed it can receive the remaining doses, always respecting an interval of at least 2 months between the first and second dose, and 4 months between the second and third dose.
Frequently Asked Questions about Vaccination and HPV:
- Can women over 19 years old without a previous HPV infection be vaccinated? There is no age limit established.
- I had HPV, can I still get vaccinated? Some studies show that vaccination may decrease subsequent infections.