Relevant aspects in menopause

The effects of ovarian insufficiency vary for each woman, and therapeutic and preventive needs differ depending on the time elapsed. The promotion of well-being, environmental factors, and the preservation of women's health are fundamental objectives of medicine.

Medical consultation during this stage, especially in perimenopause (the stage leading up to the final menstrual period and the 12 months thereafter), is a great opportunity to promote a healthy lifestyle, address symptoms, and detect risk factors.

There are numerous important aspects to consider during this stage, including:

• Changes in the pattern of bleeding
• Increased breast tenderness
• Weight gain
• Headaches
• Vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes

Other characteristic symptoms include:

• Vaginal dryness
• Mood alterations
• Insomnia
• Joint pain or arthralgia
• Palpitations or rapid heartbeat
• Dyspareunia or pain during sexual intercourse
• Urinary incontinence

Studies have demonstrated the importance of assessing the health of menopausal patients during this stage, including a thorough medical history, physical examination, imaging, and laboratory tests to evaluate bone health, endocrine control (such as thyroid function and vitamin D levels). Vaginal, urogenital, and sexual health, mental health, contraceptive needs, and the detection of oncological processes are also crucial considerations.